![]() Alkali metal salts, a silver salt and NOBF 4 as well as the free acid HBF 4 contain this anion. Tetrafluoroborate, BF 4 -, is a tetrahedral anion formed as an adduct of BF 3 with a base F. It is a starting compound for the preparation of diborane, B 2H 6. Diethylether adduct, (C 2H 5) 2O:BF 3, is a distillable liquid and is used as a common reagent. It exists in the gaseous phase as a triangular monomeric molecule, and forms Lewis base adducts with ammonia, amines, ethers, phosphines, etc. It is also used as a catalyst for cationic polymerization. It is widely used as an industrial catalyst for Friedel-Crafts type reactions. The following table summarizes the various properties of halogens.\( \newcommand\) Typical chlorides and fluorides of main group elementsīoron trifluoride, BF 3, is a colorless gas (mp -127 ☌ and bp -100 ☌) that has an irritating odor and is poisonous. Biological lifeforms may experience harmful effects if they are exposed to either large quantities of halogens, or to moderate quantities for long durations.Īll halogen characteristics can be attributed as occurring due to the innate physical and chemical properties that the elements of this group possess in common.Halogens get their high tendency to react with other matter due to high levels of electronegativity of their atoms, which is a result of the high effective nuclear charge of all halogen atoms.On reacting among themselves within the halogen group, these elements form diatomic inter halogen compounds.All halogen elements form hydrogen halides, which are very strong acids, when they combine with hydrogen, and form binary compounds.This is proved by the fact that when kept under room temperature and normal pressure, astatine and iodine take the form of solids, bromine appears as a liquid, and chlorine and fluorine occur as gases. ![]() As mentioned previously, halogens are the only elemental group in the entire periodic table, which is composed of elements that belong to all three classical states of matter (solid, liquid, and gas). ![]() This is because halogen elements tend to create salt when they come in contact with the metals and combine with them to form compounds.
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